In June 2014, after Iraqi troops stationed in Mosul fled, the Islamic State took control of Mosul. Main articles: Fall of Mosul and Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014) Armed resistance against the occupation took place in and around the city, mainly undertaken by Kurdish, Assyrian, and Shia groups. Widespread looting and destruction of cultural, religious, and historical artifacts occurred.

Women were subjected to a strict variant of Sharia law while members of religious and ethnic minorities were killed or evicted from the city. The Islamic State carried out a brutal occupation in Mosul, resulting in the death, torture, rape, and disappearance of many of the city's citizens. Over the course of battles in 20–2017, the Iraqi government, aided by Peshmerga and CJTF–OIR forces, fully liberated Mosul by 21 July 2017. Mosul was a strateigically important city for the Islamic State and was a target by anti-Islamic State forces. The occupation of Mosul by the Islamic State began after the fall of Mosul when Islamic State fighters took control of the city on 10 June 2014. Iraqi soldiers drive past an Islamic State sign in eastern Mosul, January 2017.

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